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Thomas, 7.62×51 NATO is the military version of 308. Now 308 has a higher chamber pressure, so it's safe to shoot 7.62×51 in a rifle chambered for 308 but you can't shoot 308 in a rifle chambered for 7.62×51. it's the same as you can shoot 38 special in a 357 mag but not vice versa or you can shoot 223 in a 5.56 but not vice versa. The gun you posted is 7.62×39 Wich is an ak round, very different from 7.62×51 Wich is essentially a 308 with lower chamber pressure. So yes if you have a rifle chambered in 308 you can shoot both. If it's chambered in 7.62×51 you can't shoot 308 threw it, only 7.62×51. hope this helps.